Homo Deus. Краткая история будущего

6




Robert S. Lopez, Te Birth of Europe [in Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1990), 427.





7




https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Yersinia_pestis.jpg





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Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972); William H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1977).





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Hugh Tomas, Conquest: Cortes,Montezuma and the Fall of Old Mexico (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 443–446; Rodolfo Acuna-Soto et al., ‘Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico’, Historical Review 8:4 (2002), 360–362; Sherburne F. Cook and Lesley Byrd Simpson, The Population of Central Mexico in the Sixteenth Century (Berkeley: University of Califronia Press, 1948).





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Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: Te Fates of Human Societies [in Hebrew] (Tel Avia: Am Oved, 2002), 167.





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Jefery K. Taubenberger and David M. Morens, ‘1918 Infuenza: Te Mother of All Pandemics’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 12:1 (2006),15–22;

Niall P. A. S. Johnson and Juergen Mueller, ‘Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918–1920 “Spanish” Infuenza Pandemic’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76:1 (2002), 105–115; Stacey L. Knobler, Alison Mack, Adel Mahmoud et al., ed., Te Treat of Pandemic Infuenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (Washington DC: National Academies Press 2005), 57–110; David van Reybrouck, Congo: Te Epic History of a People (New York: HarperCollins, 2014), 164; Siddharth Chandra, Goran Kuljanin and Jennifer Wray, ‘Mortality from the Infuenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Te Case of India’, Demography 49:3 (2012), 857–865; George C. Kohn, Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, 3rd edn (New York: Facts on File, 2008), 363.





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В 2005–2010 гг. уровень детской смертности в мире составил 4,6 %; при этом в Африке он достигал 7,9 %, а в Европе и Северной Америке – 0,7 %.См: ‘Infant Mortality Rate (Both Sexes Combined) by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950–2010 (Infant Deaths for 1000 Live Births), estimates’, World Population Prospects: the 2010 Revision, UN Department of Economic and Social Afairs, April 2011, accessed 26 May 2012, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/mortality.htm. См. также: Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins, and Hector Perez-Brignoli, ed., Infant and Child Mortality in the Past (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997); Edward Anthony Wrigley et al., English Population Historyfrom Family Reconstitution, 1580–1837 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 295–296, 303.





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David A. Koplow, Smallpox: Te Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Abdel R. Omran, ‘The Epidemiological Transition: A Theory of Population Change’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 83:4 (2005), 731–757; Tomas McKeown, Te Modern Rise of Populations (New York: Academic Press, 1976); Simon Szreter, Health and Wealth: Studies in History and Policy (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2005); Roderick Floud, Robert W. Fogel, Bernard Harris and Sok Chul Hong, The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition and Human Development in the Western World since 1700 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011); James C. Riley, Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).





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‘Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003’, World Health Organization, 21 April 2004, accessed 6 February 2016, http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/





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‘Experimental Terapies: Growing Interest in the Use of Whole Blood or Plasma from Recovered Ebola Patients’, World Health Organization, September 26, 2014, accessed 23 April 2015, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26–september-2014/en/.





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Hung Y. Fan, Ross F. Conner and Luis P. Villarreal, AIDS: Science and Society, 6th edn (Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011).





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Peter Piot and Tomas C. Quinn, ‘Response to the AIDS Pandemic – A Global Health Model’, TeNew England Journal of Medicine 368:23 (2013): 2210–2218.





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В официальных документах в графе «Причина смерти» никогда не пишут «Преклонный возраст». Если ослабленный организм пожилой женщины не справится с инфекцией, причиной смерти будет объявлена инфекция. Именно поэтому статистика относит более 20 % ежегодных смертей на планете на счет инфекционных заболеваний. Впрочем, это достаточно скромная цифра, если вспомнить, какое огромное число детей и взрослых умирали от подобных заболеваний в прошлом.





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